A process for isolating tissue-specific progenitor cells exploits solid fat tissue obtained as waste from such elective surgical procedures as abdominoplasties (“tummy tucks”) and breast reductions. Until now, a painful and risky process of aspiration of bone marrow has been used to obtain a limited number of tissue-specific progenitor cells.
The present process yields more tissue-specific progenitor cells and involves much less pain and risk for the patient. This process includes separation of fat from skin, mincing of the fat into small pieces, and forcing a fat saline mixture through a sieve. The mixture is then digested with collagenase type I in an incubator. After centrifugation tissue-specific progenitor cells are recovered and placed in a tissue-culture medium in flasks or Petri dishes. The tissue-specific progenitor cells can be used for such purposes as (1) generating three-dimensional tissue equivalent models for studying bone loss and muscle atrophy (among other deficiencies) and, ultimately, (2) generating replacements for tissues lost by the fat donor because of injury or disease.
This work was done by Diane Byerly of Johnson Space Center and Marguerite A. Sognier of Universities Space Research Association.MSC-23775-1
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Isolation of Precursor Cells From Waste Solid Fat Tissue
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Overview
The document titled "Isolation of Precursor Cells From Waste Solid Fat Tissue" (MSC-23775-1) outlines a novel methodology developed by NASA for recovering adult human precursor (stem) cells from adipose (fat) tissue. This technique addresses a critical need in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, where the ability to generate tissue-equivalent models is essential for studying diseases and the effects of microgravity on astronauts.
Historically, adult stem cells have been primarily sourced from bone marrow, a process that is painful and yields a limited number of cells. In contrast, adipose tissue can be easily harvested through less invasive methods, such as liposuction, making it a more accessible source of precursor cells. The document highlights that while some reports have indicated the potential of liposuction material for providing precursor cells, there was previously no established methodology for utilizing solid fat samples.
The developed methodology involves a multistep process that allows for the effective recovery of adult precursor cells from solid fat. This innovation not only enhances the quantity of cells that can be obtained but also opens new avenues for research and clinical applications. The document emphasizes the potential for this procedure to be automated, which would significantly increase its applicability in clinical, medical, and research laboratories, as well as in biotechnology companies.
The commercial implications of this technology are substantial, as the isolation of adult stem cells is a rapidly expanding field within regenerative medicine. The document notes that, at the time of reporting, no existing device could perform this specific protocol, indicating a unique market opportunity for the innovators. The potential for automation could lead to widespread adoption and utilization of this technology in various medical and research settings.
In summary, this document presents a significant advancement in the recovery of adult precursor cells from adipose tissue, offering a less invasive alternative to bone marrow extraction. The methodology developed has the potential to transform regenerative medicine practices, enhance research capabilities, and provide a foundation for future commercial applications in the field of stem cell technology.
